2019年阜阳成人学士学位英语核心考点——方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句通常由as, (just)as…so…, as if, as though引导。

　　1)as, (just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：

　　Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

　　As water is to fish, so air is to man.

　　我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

　　Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

　　正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

　　2)as if, as though

　　两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

　　They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed.

　　他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.

　　他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

　　看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)

　　说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

　　He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

　　他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

　　He cleared his throat as if to say something.

　　他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

　　The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

　　波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

　　注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

　　b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

　　Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　= Though he tries hard，he never seems.

　　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

　　3)ever if，even though 即使

　　We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

　　4)whether…or- 不管……都

　　Whether you believe it or not，it is true.

　　5)“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”

　　No matter what happened，he would not mind.

　　Whatever happened，he would not mind.

　　替换：no matter what = whatever

　　no matter who = whoever

　　no matter when = whenever

　　no matter where = wherever

　　no matter which = whichever

　　no matter how = however

　　注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

　　(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

　　(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

　　你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

　　(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given.

　　(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

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